{"id":1323,"date":"2017-06-14T13:24:45","date_gmt":"2017-06-14T17:24:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/?p=1323"},"modified":"2025-07-15T10:47:15","modified_gmt":"2025-07-15T14:47:15","slug":"summer-science","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/summer-science\/","title":{"rendered":"Summer Science"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"dropcap\">G<\/span>oucher\u2019s Summer Research Program gives science faculty a chance to work on their own pet projects, and students a chance to join them in their research. Chemistry Professor Kevin Schultz, who has been organizing the summer program for the past three years, says it gives students a chance to work on real, potentially ground-breaking projects with their professors.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s my favorite part of the job,\u201d he says. \u201cYou get to work one on one with students, you get to work on something you\u2019re passionate about, and share that joy of discovery.\u201d<br \/>\nEven if students don\u2019t continue on to grad school, he says, the analytic thought process they practice doing real research stays with them. And it isn\u2019t all work. Schultz works with light-activated molecules in a dark lab, so he says he tries to get outside with his students at least once a day. They also plan activities as a group\u2014last year they volunteered at Our Daily Bread, which provides food to homeless Baltimoreans, and went tubing down the Shenandoah River. Many of the students will present their work at the summer\u2019s Landmark Research Symposium, along with students from other schools in the Landmark Conference.<\/p>\n<p>Biology and Chemistry Professor Judy Levine says summer research was already an annual undertaking when she started at the college in 1992, but about four years into her tenure here, she worked to make it more stable, negotiating with then-president Bob Welch to get funding for the researchers through the college. Much of it is still funded that way, though outside awards and grants make up a portion.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe wanted to make sure there would always be opportunities for students to do summer research,\u201d she says. \u201cThere\u2019s a ton of evidence that doing actual research\u2014as opposed to the canned research in lab classes\u2014is very important for students. It motivates them, gets them inspired about science.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>This year, 10 faculty and 24 students will be taking part. Both will be paid stipends over the summer, supported by endowed funds and external grants. We sat down with the science faculty at the end of a busy semester to find out what they would be studying this summer, and what it all means.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>The Eyes Have It<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Assistant Professor of Biology Jenny Lenkowski<\/strong><br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1338 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Lenkowski.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"414\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Lenkowski.jpg 800w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Lenkowski-290x300.jpg 290w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Lenkowski-768x795.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Lenkowski-277x287.jpg 277w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><br \/>\nZebrafish, small minnows with distinctive horizontal stripes, are native to the Himalayas, but they\u2019ve found their way into aquariums and laboratories around the world. Researchers, like Goucher Assistant Professor of Biology Jenny Lenkowski, prize them for their regenerative abilities. Lenkowski\u2019s work focuses on their ability to regenerate the neuron cells in their eyes after an injury, an ability that would be invaluable to other animals, including humans. Last fall, Lenkowski won a three-year grant from the National Institutes of Health Eye Institute that will go toward hiring Elizabeth Hannifin \u201917 as a research technician and upgrading equipment. Three current students supported by the grant and Goucher Summer Research will work with her this summer to study how cells communicate when they are dividing during development and regeneration of the retina in the eye.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Molecule Makers<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Associate Professor of Chemistry George Greco<\/strong><br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1337 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Greco-761x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"538\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Greco-761x1024.jpg 761w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Greco-223x300.jpg 223w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Greco-768x1033.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Greco-213x287.jpg 213w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Greco.jpg 2043w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><br \/>\nCreating new molecules is big business, for the pharmaceutical and other industries, but making them, which can require expensive catalysts like platinum and palladium, isn\u2019t cheap or easy. Chemistry professor George Greco locates a poster on the wall in Hoffberger to explain what he and his student have been working on. Most of the molecules have the distinctive hexagonal shape of organic chemistry notations, that is, they contain six carbon atoms. Less common, he says, are eight-carbon molecules, and that is what they\u2019re trying to create, using inexpensive nickel as a catalyst. Greco says their work could result in new and useful ways to make interesting molecules.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Healing Crystals<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Associate Professor of<span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0Physics Rodney Yoder<\/strong><br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1335 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Yoder-756x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"542\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Yoder-756x1024.jpg 756w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Yoder-221x300.jpg 221w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Yoder-768x1041.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Yoder-212x287.jpg 212w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Yoder.jpg 1908w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">For the past few years, Physics professor Rodney Yoder has been working with pyroelectric crystals\u2014crystals that produce strong electrical fields when heated\u2014and he thinks they may have a new practical application. It may be possible, using multiple crystals, to create and accelerate a beam of electrons, creating a miniature particle accelerator. There are lots of applications for such particle beams (the Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland, for example, creates and crashes together two ultra-high-energy particle beams in order to study the reactions produced), but Yoder is aiming for a more everyday, small-scale use. If his predictions are accurate and he can get the arrangement of crystals right\u2014and he and his students will start working on that this summer\u2014he says it should be possible to create a tiny x-ray source. That\u2019s at least a few years away, he says, but could lead to interesting applications in medicine and beyond.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>In the Tall Grass<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Associate Professor of Biology Cynthia Kicklighter<\/strong><br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1339 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Kicklighter-785x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Kicklighter-785x1024.jpg 785w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Kicklighter-230x300.jpg 230w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Kicklighter-768x1001.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Kicklighter-220x287.jpg 220w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Kicklighter.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Studying predator-prey relationships may conjure visions of watching big cats taking down ungulates, but Associate Professor of Biology Cynthia Kicklighter observes observes predation of a quieter variety. It takes place along the shores of the Chesapeake Bay, and could provide insight into an invasive marsh grass threatening to choke large parts of the Bay\u2019s ecosystem. Phragmites, the grass in question, may have come to these shores in the holds of European ships, but once it established itself here, it became a successful and relentless propagator. Its predator? The humble marsh snail, which damages the leaves of the plant, then feeds off the fungus that grows on it. But something about Phragmites drives the snails away, and toward other, native, grasses, giving the invader an even bigger advantage. Kicklighter, who last year received a Research Opportunity Award from the National Science Foundation for her work, studies chemical defenses, and has been working to isolate the chemical responsible for deterring the snails. This summer she\u2019ll be working with students to collect and analyze plants taken from the Eastern Shore side of the bay.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p1\">Making Things With Light<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Assistant Professor of Chemistry Kevin Schultz<\/strong><br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1336 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Schultz-836x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"490\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Schultz-836x1024.jpg 836w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Schultz-245x300.jpg 245w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Schultz-768x941.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Schultz-234x287.jpg 234w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Schultz.jpg 1965w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Chemistry Professor Kevin Schultz\u2019s research involves using light to trigger a change in molecules. Specifically, he and his students will be working on using light to cause a molecule to release a drug, nitroxyl, which has anti-cancer properties. To do that, they\u2019ll need to design and synthesize a photo-reactive molecule that reacts in just the right way to give up its drug payload. Schultz says this method could be used for very precise delivery of treatment to areas of a patient\u2019s body without an injection. Other projects in Schultz\u2019s lab include developing new luminescent probe molecules, which can relay information about their surroundings inside the body by emitting different colored light, and molecules that can be used in photo-dynamic therapy\u2014the use of infrared light-activated molecules to destroy nearby cancer cells.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p1\">Fixing Fish Farms<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Assistant Professor of Biology Anna Jozwick<\/strong><br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1334 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Jozwick-865x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"474\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Jozwick-865x1024.jpg 865w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Jozwick-253x300.jpg 253w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Jozwick-768x909.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Jozwick-242x287.jpg 242w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Enteric Redmouth is a particularly nasty disease that infects farm-raised fish, causing burst blood vessels and, eventually, killing them. First discovered in Idaho in the 1950s, it\u2019s now found all over the world, and though there\u2019s a vaccine, it\u2019s not 100 percent effective, and if Redmouth does strike, farmers have to kill their entire stock. Biology Professor Anna Jozwick has been studying the bacteria Yersinia ruckeri, which causes Redmouth, first for the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and since last year, in her lab at Goucher. She\u2019s currently looking at a phenomenon called quorum sensing\u2014a system of communication between bacterial cells related to population density. Redmouth only breaks out in crowded fish farms, never in nature, where the fish (and the bacteria) are less densely packed. If she and her students are able to isolate\u2014and potentially disrupt\u2014the communication signals that start the outbreak, it could save a lot of fish, and save fish farmers a lot of money.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p1\">All In The Mind<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Assistant Professor of Psychology Gillian Starkey<\/strong><br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1333 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Starkey-720x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"569\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Starkey-720x1024.jpg 720w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Starkey-211x300.jpg 211w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Starkey-768x1092.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Starkey-202x287.jpg 202w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Starkey.jpg 1901w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">P<span class=\"s1\">sychology Professor Gillian Starkey\u2019s research is focused on examining examining the neural basis of how we learn. Starkey came to Goucher from Stanford last year, where she did her post-doctoral work, to set up a to set up a cognitive neuroscience research laboratory in Goucher\u2019s Center for Psychology. She uses electroencephalography to look at the electrical impulses inside her subjects\u2019 brains, via a device that looks like a hairnet with flat discs resting against their scalps. This summer, she and two students will be studying the brain activity of children (ages 8 to 10) as they do simple math problems, counting the number of objects on a screen in front of them. The results will be compared to adult brains doing the same tests, as part of an effort to study the development of simple math skills.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p1\">Small Differences<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Assistant Professor of Mathematics Phong Le \u201903<\/strong><br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1346 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Le-850x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"482\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Le-850x1024.jpg 850w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Le-249x300.jpg 249w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Le-768x925.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Le-238x287.jpg 238w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Le.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">If you\u2019ve used Facebook lately, you may have noticed that it\u2019s pretty good at detecting faces in your pictures. The process at work is large feature detection\u2014an algorithm looks for the big things that make up a face, and decides what qualifies. Mathematics Professor <span class=\"s1\"><b>Phong Le \u201903<\/b> <\/span>is working on small feature detection\u2014the algorithm he\u2019s working with looks at the details of an image to distinguish textures, the way things are patterned. It\u2019s easy for human eyes to distinguish, for example, between wood grain and clouds in a blue sky or grains of sand on a beach, but those seemingly simple distinctions can trip up a computer. Le\u2019s students will be testing an algorithm against different textures in an attempt to figure out where those points of confusion are, and how to make it more successful. His interest is in the math, but if they can come up with a fast and elegant way to detect those differences in texture, he says down the road it could have applications in, for example, determining the quality of textiles, or even detecting skin cancers.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p1\">Fruit Fly Expressions<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Associate Professor of Biology\u00a0Mark Hiller<\/strong><br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1332 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Hiller-751x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"545\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Hiller-751x1024.jpg 751w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Hiller-220x300.jpg 220w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Hiller-768x1047.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Hiller-211x287.jpg 211w, https:\/\/blogs.goucher.edu\/magazine\/files\/2017\/06\/Hiller.jpg 2017w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Biology professor Mark Hiller and his students will be looking at fruit flies this summer. Very, very closely. Hiller has two projects, both involving research-standby drosophila. One group will be looking at mechanisms of gene expression in the tiny insect. How, that is, does the same DNA, present in every cell, get the message during development that a portion of that DNA should be turned on, or expressed, at the right time and in the right place to become, say, a neuron, or muscle tissue. Another group of students will be looking at a specific set of genes in the fruit fly, which, because of their structure, they are believed to act as sugar transporters. Experiment-based information on these genes is slim, making them a good candidate for further research. Because humans and drosophila share about 60 percent of their DNA, the flies are often used to study human diseases, so any research that expand the knowledge about these much-studied creatures can have a practical use down the road.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When everyone else goes home, it&#8217;s time to hit the lab.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":312,"featured_media":1350,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[12633,87510],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[87492],"class_list":["post-1323","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-feature","category-features"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO 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